Abstract: We introduce NUVO Theory, a novel conformal metric framework grounded in Newtonian mechanics and empirically validated gravitational effects. Rather than relying on the pseudo-Riemannian metric structure of General Relativity, NUVO adopts a velocity- and position-dependent scalar conformal factor, lambda, derived from the test particle’s relativistic kinetic and gravitational potential energies, with kinetic energy normalized to its rest energy and the gravitational poential normalized to the central mass’s rest energy. This formulation leads to a modified yet intuitive metric structure capable of explaining key gravitational phenomena, including perihelion advance, gravitational redshift, and time dilation. Beyond gravitational dynamics, NUVO reproduces atomic binding energies, offers a first-principles derivation of Planck’s constant and the fine-structure constant, and provides a cosmological redshift mechanism without invoking expansion. This paper outlines the foundations of NUVO, its scalar field formulation, implications for astrophysics and quantum structure, and its correspondence and divergence from General Relativity and quantum theory. The theory is presented in a standalone form to invite cross-disciplinary engagement and empirical testing.
Deriving the Scalar Field and Conformal Dynamics in NUVO Theory – Part 1 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: Building on the framework established in the pre-print From Newton to Planck: A Flat-Space Conformal Theory Bridging General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, this paper treats the NUVO scalar conformal factor lambda(t, r, v) as a fundamental dynamical field. We derive its governing Lagrangian, formulate the Euler–Lagrange equations, and compute the corresponding energy–momentum tensor. The scalar field is shown to influence inertial response, proper time, and local energy distribution through its velocity and position dependence. A minimal coupling scheme to matter is introduced, along with the inertial concepts of pinertia and sinertia, which distinguish the scalar’s effects on different motion regimes. We demonstrate that lambda behaves as a coherent geometric modulator of physical observables and propose that it acts as the generator of a self-consistent flat-space geometry. This work establishes the scalar field’s foundational role in NUVO theory and prepares the ground for its covariant extension and application to general relativistic phenomena in subsequent papers.
The Field Equation and Lagrangian of the NUVO Conformal Scalar Field – Part 2 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: This paper derives the dynamical field equation and Lagrangian for the scalar conformal field λ(t, r, v) that underpins NUVO theory. Beginning with a variational approach and physically motivated scalar terms, we construct a Lagrangian density, extract the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equation, and analyze the resulting field equation for symmetries, conservation laws, and its reduction to Newtonian gravity. The formulation provides a foundational link for coupling λ to spacetime geometry, classical dynamics, and possibly quantum behavior.
NUVO Metric and Geodesic Derivations – Part 3 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: NUVO theory introduces a flat-space conformal framework for gravitation and motion in which spacetime is modulated by the scalar field λ(t, r, v), derived from a test particle’s normalized instantaneous energy state. This conformal factor adjusts the local metric based on instantaneous velocity and gravitational context, replacing the need for curvature with dynamic scaling. In this second paper of the NUVO series, we develop the geodesic structure implied by this conformal transformation, deriving the NUVO metric, its Christoffel symbols, and the resulting equations of motion. Underlying this structure is a refined concept of inertia, decomposed into two distinct forms: pinertia, the coupling of a particle to space; and sinertia, the reciprocal coupling of space to the particle. These couplings exist independently of energy terms and govern the mutual relationship between geometry and matter. A key conceptual advancement in this work is the reinterpretation of Special Relativity (SR) as a special case of NUVO, arising only when the theory is violated by substituting relative velocity for the required instantaneous velocity. In that limit, inertial frames emerge, and SR’s apparent effects—such as time dilation and length contraction— arise as observational illusions, not physical modulations. NUVO maintains that only when acceleration is present does true modulation of space occur, leading to measurable differences. This distinction becomes physically measurable in systems like GPS satellites, where relativistic clock offsets arise not merely from velocity, but from the asymmetric gravitational potential and acceleration. This work lays the mathematical and conceptual foundation for interpreting gravitational and relativistic behavior as smooth outcomes of field-modulated flat space, rather than curved spacetime. This paper builds directly on the scalar field derived in Series 1 and provides the geometric foundation for observational predictions in Series 3.
Extending NUVO to Covariant Tensor Formalism on a Conformally Flat Background – Part 4 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: This paper extends NUVO theory by developing a covariant tensor formalism that operates within a globally flat but conformally modulated spacetime. Starting from the scalar field λ(t, r, v) defined in earlier parts of the NUVO series, we construct the covariant derivative, Christoffel symbols, and energy-momentum tensors under the conformally transformed metric gμν = λ2ημν. This formalism enables consistent coupling of tensor fields such as Tμν and Fμν
Gravitational Time Dilation, Orbital Advance, and Observational Tests of NUVO – Part 5 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: This paper presents the fifth installment in the NUVO Theory series, focusing on its empirical consistency with key relativistic phenomena. NUVO replaces the traditional interpretation of gravity as spacetime curvature with a flat-space scalar modulation governed by the conformal factor λ(t, r, v). This scalar field, dependent on both kinetic and gravitational energy, modifies the proper time and spatial trajectory of particles without requiring curved geometry. We demonstrate that NUVO reproduces gravitational time dilation, redshift, and orbital precession through a unified scalar mechanism. These effects are applied to real-world scenarios including the Global Positioning System, the Pound–Rebka experiment, and Mercury’s perihelion advance. Unlike conventional approaches that require patching special relativity into a non-inertial context, NUVO derives all corrections within a single inertial-frame formalism. Numerical integration of the geodesic equations shows NUVO’s perihelion predictions align with general relativity in the weak-field limit. Additionally, a post- Newtonian expansion confirms that Newtonian gravity emerges naturally from the scalar field when energy corrections are small. These results position NUVO as a physically consistent and observationally valid alternative to the spacetime curvature paradigm.
Radiation, Light Bending, and Large-Scale Phenomena in NUVO Theory – Part 6 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: This paper extends the NUVO theory to phenomena involving massless particles, field propagation, and global modulation. We explore how light bending, Shapiro delay, and orbital decay emerge from the scalar field λ(t, r, v), even in a flat-space geometry. A key conceptual refinement is the treatment of photons as pinertia-free entities—encapsulated geometry that does not modulate λ locally, but instead responds to sinertial gradients in the field. These predictions diverge subtly from general relativity.
Galactic Dynamics Without Dark Matter: Sinertia Flow and Scalar Geometry in NUVO Theory Part 6.1 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: Conventional explanations of galactic rotation curves rely on the presence of unseen dark matter halos to account for the observed flat velocity profiles at large radii. In this paper, we explore a novel reinterpretation of these observations using the scalar field λ(r) defined in NUVO theory, where spacetime geometry is modulated by finite scalar coupling to both kinetic and gravitational potential energy. We show that, even without invoking dark matter, the scalar field reconstructed from observational data can be explained as the consequence of distributed sinertia depletion. Unlike the case of a single massive object, a galaxy presents a network of gravitational sinks, each locally drawing on the finite reservoir of sinertia that space provides. The result is a global reduction in available sinertia throughout the galactic interior, leading to an increase in λ(r) even in regions of minimal gravitational gradient. This distributed demand, rather than local curvature alone, produces the observed modulation structure. We compare the reverse-engineered λ(r) field derived from dark-matterbased velocity curves to NUVO’s baryonic-only prediction and demonstrate that the missing modulation can be interpreted as a scalar response to multi-source sinertia draw. This new interpretation provides a scalar-field–based alternative to dark matter and offers a physically motivated mechanism for explaining flat galactic rotation curves within the NUVO framework.
Gravitational Radiation in NUVO – Part 7 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: Gravitational radiation, long considered a hallmark prediction of general relativity, is traditionally understood as the propagation of spacetime curvature produced by accelerating mass distributions. In this paper, we offer an alternative explanation within the NUVO framework, where gravitational radiation emerges not from tensorial curvature, but from scalar modulation of the inertial and temporal structure by a velocity- and position-dependent conformal field λ(t, r, v). This field, derived from relativistic kinetic and gravitational potential energy, introduces asymmetric force coupling in orbiting systems that leads to secular energy loss. Unlike metric waveforms, NUVO radiation arises from cyclic imbalances in scalar energy exchange. We derive the power loss, construct waveform analogs, and compare results to the quadrupole formalism of general relativity. These findings demonstrate that NUVO can account for observed gravitational radiation phenomena using a flat-space scalar framework without invoking pseudo-Riemannian geometry or nonlocal curvature.
Cosmology in NUVO Theory: Redshift, Expansion, and Structure Formation without Curved Spacetime – Part 8 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: This paper applies NUVO theory to cosmology, demonstrating how a flat-space scalar conformal field λ(t, r, v) can account for key cosmological observations typically attributed to spacetime curvature. We derive the redshift–distance relation, expansion rate history, and scalar-driven structure formation in a purely conformal background, offering an alternative to standard FLRW-based models without invoking dark energy or inflation.
Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Statistical Geometry in NUVO Theory – Part 9 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: This paper develops the thermodynamic framework within NUVO theory, interpreting entropy, heat flow, and statistical behavior as geometric phenomena arising from scalar field modulation. We establish a formal relationship between the scalar conformal field λ(t, r, v) and the emergence of irreversibility, structure formation, and statistical equilibrium. A geometric interpretation of the second law is proposed, and connections to sinertia collapse, information flow, and cosmic entropy are explored.
NUVO Black Holes: Sinertia Collapse, Kenos Regions, and Geometric Condensation in Flat Space – Part 10 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: This paper introduces the concept of black holes in NUVO theory, reinterpreting gravitational collapse not as the formation of a curvature singularity, but as a phase boundary where sinertia—the space-coupling capacity of mass—collapses to zero. Inside the resulting kenos region, scalar modulation ceases, pinertia vanishes, and matter transitions into a kinetic condensate propagating at the speed of light. We compare this framework with general relativity, analyze the dynamics of collapse under the scalar field λ(t, r, v), and explore implications for event horizon structure, entropy scaling, and the fate of information in gravitationally bound systems.
Scalar Binding, Sinertia Collapse, and Photon Emergence in NUVO Nuclear Theory – Part 11 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: This paper introduces a scalar-field-based explanation for the nuclear force within the NUVO framework. Instead of relying on gluon or meson exchange, NUVO models nuclear binding as a localized collapse of scalar modulation (sinertia), leading to the formation of a modulation vacuum known as the kenos. In this regime, pinertia vanishes and nucleons form a kinetic condensate bound at light-speed trajectories. The loss of modulation explains mass defects and photon emission during binding, while photon absorption can restore modulation, enabling decay or fission. This paper formalizes the scalar nuclear interaction and outlines a self-consistent scalar mechanism for nuclear stability, decay, and reconstitution.
The NUVO Commutator: Bridging Classical Modulation to Quantum Discreteness – Part 12 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: This paper serves as the conceptual and mathematical bridge between the classical foundations of NUVO theory and its emerging quantum correspondence. Building on prior work that introduced the scalar field λ(t, r, v) as a conformal modulation of flat space, we explore how unit systems, physical measurements, and derived constants transform under this modulation. We introduce the NUVO commutator as a formal mechanism to track how base and derived quantities vary geometrically with λ, revealing a deterministic structure underlying observed relativistic and quantum phenomena. By distinguishing invariant and variable physical quantities—and analyzing how Planck’s constant, energy, momentum, and action emerge from a modulated framework— we prepare the ground for understanding discreteness not as a probabilistic imposition but as a geometric necessity. This paper does not yet present wavefunctions or quantum operators, but lays the essential foundation for deriving them from scalar field geometry in future work.
Quantum Structure from Scalar Modulation: Deriving ¯h, Schrödinger’s Equation, and Photon Quantization in NUVO Theory Part 13 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: This paper presents a derivation of Planck’s constant ℏ and the quantization of angular momentum from classical electrodynamics and scalar modulation geometry, using only the empirical hydrogen binding energy and orbital mechanics. Within NUVO theory, spacetime is conformally modulated by a scalar field λ(r, v) that depends on velocity and gravitational potential. This modulation produces a fixed arc-length advance per orbit, leading to resonance closure after 1/α2 cycles and yielding the observed value of ℏ without invoking quantum postulates. A modified Schrodinger equation is proposed that incorporates λ, reducing to the standard form when λ = 1, and naturally replicating gravitational redshift–like effects. Rather than replacing quantum mechanics, NUVO embeds it within a deeper geometric substrate that recovers all known quantum behavior while offering a reinterpretation of its origin. This approach challenges conventional assumptions without altering empirical outcomes, positioning NUVO as a complementary framework grounded in classical geometry.
Frame Interface Operators in Quantum Mechanics and NUVO Theory: Clarifying the Role of Observer-Dependent Structure in Physical Measurement Part 14 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: In conventional quantum mechanics, measurement and uncertainty are treated as intrinsic aspects of quantum systems, with little attention paid to the geometric structure of the observer’s frame. NUVO theory offers a new interpretation: quantum systems evolve within modulated frames defined by a conformal scalar field λ(t, r, v), while observers typically operate from a distinct reference frame. This paper introduces the concept of frame interface operators—operators that act across the boundary between a system’s internal λ-modulated frame and the observer’s external frame. We identify key operators in standard quantum mechanics that implicitly function at this interface, including the time evolution operator, boost generators, gauge transformations, geometric phase connections, basis transformations, and projective measurements. We show that many quantum phenomena, including the canonical commutator and Heisenberg uncertainty, already reflect inter-frame effects and need no further modification in NUVO. By rigorously distinguishing between frame-internal and frame-interface behavior, NUVO resolves longstanding interpretive ambiguities and establishes a foundation for a covariant operator formalism rooted in geometric modulation. This reinterpretation enables a consistent unification of quantum theory and conformal dynamics, providing new insight into measurement, decoherence, and observer-relative quantum structure.
Gravitational Redshift and Time Dilation from Scalar-Modulated Quantum Mechanics in NUVO Theory Part 15 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract: This paper presents the prediction of gravitational redshift and time dilation effects from NUVO-modified quantum mechanics (Nu-QuM). By embedding quantum wave evolution within a scalar conformal field λ(r, v), we derive frequency shifts and proper time modulation that match general relativity in form and empirical accuracy, but arise from scalar geometry rather than spacetime curvature. Numerical simulations confirm agreement with experimental data from GPS satellites and the Pound–Rebka experiment. This result demonstrates the empirical power and elegance of NUVO’s scalar approach to gravity and quantum integration.
Kinetic Scalar Modulation and Quantum Transport Extending the NUVO Schr¨odinger Equation Part 16 of the NUVO Theory Series
Abstract:This paper extends the NUVO-modified Schr¨odinger equation by incorporating local velocity-dependent modulation through the scalar field λ(r, v). Building on the gravitational redshift and time dilation results of Series 15, we introduce kinetic scalar effects and develop a formalism for scalar-modulated quantum parallel transport along trajectories. This approach unifies motion-induced and gravitational contributions to quantum evolution, with implications for GPS, atomic clocks, and quantum interference under dynamic conditions.